Phraseology

Much of a professional text is written before the translator arrives. Formulae, standard clauses, binomials and the wording that organizes a document are settled in advance: by a statute or a prescribed model, by an institution's drafting rules, or by usage that nothing prescribes and nobody is free to ignore. This section sets out those fixed units, names what fixes each one and what would have to change for the wording to change, and states what is left for the translator to decide. Most entries are fixed by convention rather than by an instrument, and the difference decides whether a deviation is a finding or a preference.

Looking for the operation that places a fixed form, for the structural difference behind a shift, for how the concept behind a term is designated, or for what the target community expects? See Translation techniques or Language structures or Terminology or Conventions.

Reference

Category

Fixity

25 entries

Fixedness and units

What it means for wording to be fixed, how far a fixed unit extends, and where a stretch of text sits on the cline from free combination to frozen formula.

Routines and formulae

Situation-bound formulae whose form, not their composition, is what a text requires: openings, closings, performatives and the wording of attestation.

Clauses and documentary patterns

Recurring clauses and drafting patterns of legislative and documentary texts, from definitions and recitals to boilerplate and citation.

Text-organizing patterns

The wording a genre expects at each step: moves, signposts, connectives and the running phraseology that holds a text together.

Evidence and authority

How fixedness is established and by whom: corpus evidence, model texts, drafting manuals, and the ways apparent fixity misleads.

Fixed wording, treated as fixed

A Translyta delivery distinguishes the wording that was already settled from the wording that was chosen, so a reviser checks the first against its instrument and the second on its merits.

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